There are many mnemonics for cranial nerves, but for some reason, the dirties mnemonics always stick. Here are 2; the first is to memorize the order of the cranial nerves and their names (I-XII), and the second is to categorize them as motor, sensory, or both (M, S, or B)
"Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls' Vaginas And Hymens"
"Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More"
S- Olfactory
S- Optic
M- Occulomotor
M- Trochlear
B- Trigeminal
M- Abducens
B- Facial
S- Vestibulocochlear
B- Glossopharyngeal
B- Vagus
M- Accessory
M- Hypoglossal
Monday, February 13, 2012
Thursday, February 2, 2012
Rashes of Microbiology
Just a few helpful rash mnemonics...
The 5 most common organisms of red rash in pediatric patients:
The 5 most common organisms of red rash in pediatric patients:
"Really Red Munchkins Scare Parents"
Rubella, Roseola, Measles, Scarlet Fever, Parvovirus B19
And don't forget your poxes! (chickenpox aka varicella-zoster, and poxvirus). While I'm at it, poxvirus is shaped like a box (pox in a box)... this is the capsid, pox doesn't have an envelope.
I might as well describe the different presentations of the 5 most common pediatric rashes:
Rubella: aka the 3 day measles, begins with a fever followed by a 3 day descending rash, starting at the head and working its way down (just like measles). Infamous intrauterine infection, affecting heart (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), eyes (cataracts), and CNS (microcephaly, sensorineural deafness). Noted for postauricular and cervical lymphadenopathy in the mom.
Roseola: very high fever (most common cause of pediatric seizures), macular rash appears after several days, starts on trunk (vs. parvovirus).
Measles: aka Rubeola, presents with the 4 C's: Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza (general flu symptoms), and Koplik's spots (okay, it's not a C, but still). Koplik's spots are red lesions in throat mucosa. 3 major complications that can occur are pneumonia, encephalitis, and, several years down the line, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, in which the white and gray matter of the brain is damages. And of course, the notorious rash that progresses from head to feet (about a week).
Scarlet Fever: from S. pyogenes. Erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat. Strawberry tongue within first 2 days, desquamating rash on palms and soles afterwards.
Parvovirus B19: "slapped-cheek" lacy rash that follows fever. Lyses erythroblasts in bone marrow, leads to transient aplastic crisis in hosts that have increased erythropoiesis (e.g. sickle cell, thalassemias).
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And don't forget your poxes! (chickenpox aka varicella-zoster, and poxvirus). While I'm at it, poxvirus is shaped like a box (pox in a box)... this is the capsid, pox doesn't have an envelope.
I might as well describe the different presentations of the 5 most common pediatric rashes:
Rubella: aka the 3 day measles, begins with a fever followed by a 3 day descending rash, starting at the head and working its way down (just like measles). Infamous intrauterine infection, affecting heart (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), eyes (cataracts), and CNS (microcephaly, sensorineural deafness). Noted for postauricular and cervical lymphadenopathy in the mom.
Roseola: very high fever (most common cause of pediatric seizures), macular rash appears after several days, starts on trunk (vs. parvovirus).
Measles: aka Rubeola, presents with the 4 C's: Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza (general flu symptoms), and Koplik's spots (okay, it's not a C, but still). Koplik's spots are red lesions in throat mucosa. 3 major complications that can occur are pneumonia, encephalitis, and, several years down the line, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, in which the white and gray matter of the brain is damages. And of course, the notorious rash that progresses from head to feet (about a week).
Scarlet Fever: from S. pyogenes. Erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat. Strawberry tongue within first 2 days, desquamating rash on palms and soles afterwards.
Parvovirus B19: "slapped-cheek" lacy rash that follows fever. Lyses erythroblasts in bone marrow, leads to transient aplastic crisis in hosts that have increased erythropoiesis (e.g. sickle cell, thalassemias).
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In microbiology, there are 3 organisms that cause rash specific to the palms and soles, and you can remember them by the following mnemonic:
"You drive CARS with your palms and soles"
CA- Coxsackievirus A
R- Rickettsia Rickettsii
S- Syphilis (secondary)
Note that staph aureus and strep pyogenes can also cause a desquamating rash on the hands. And keep in mind, there are plenty more rashes, not specific to microbiology, for example, kowasaki's presents with a rash on the hands.
Note that staph aureus and strep pyogenes can also cause a desquamating rash on the hands. And keep in mind, there are plenty more rashes, not specific to microbiology, for example, kowasaki's presents with a rash on the hands.
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